Republic day musings at Bhopal

It was a long day for both the friends. Tired and exhausted, they slumped in the vacant chairs in the famous Bhopal restaurant, not very far from the Lal Parade Ground. “Sit,” said one to the other. “The last year has been really tough for both of us. Constant insults, prolonged court cases even in matters of such great national interest, I am really serious about migrating from this country.”
“Yah", chirped the other "You are right. If we migrate from this country will have nothing to be proud of. Only the other day, this fellow Narayana Murthy, he did not allow me to be sung when our president visited his office. Can you believe that?”
“Ah, and it is even worse for me! After this woman pointing her feets towards me, I’ve been cut with a knife. Some chaps at a function made a cake with my design, and Sachin Tendulkar, he came and cut me up.”
"This is terrible! After fifty nine years, still we have to tolerate all this nonsense. What is the use of waiting for courts to deliver justice? They can't even get simple cases solved. I am telling you I would have really left this country for good. It is only the love of this one man out of the 1.5 billion people. This is the man who makes me stay"
Both friends, the national anthem and the national flag, looked on adoringly as a group of young Bhopalis and their leader waited patiently for the local media people to arrive before they could start collecting the flags lying everywhere and destroy them in private with full dignity according to the Flag Code of India, 2002. It is not everyone who wants to be patriotic for nothing

Logic of Life In Bhopal

Daughter of Hamidullah Khan, Abida Sultan the heir apparent, was married to Nawab Sawar Ali Khan of Kurwai. The marriage did not work out, and Abida Sultan started living in Bhopal with her father. She gave birth to a boy, Shehryar Mohammad Khan, who became the bone of contention between Abida Sultan and Sawar Ali Khan when Sawar Ali Khan complained to the English Viceroy, Lord Willingdon that he was being denied his legal rights to custody. Abida Sultan, the true inheritor of the traditional courage of Bhopal begums, says in her biography "Memoirs Of A Rebel Princess" that on 22 March 1935 around 10 p.m. she drove down the dirt roads from Bhopal to Kurwai. When she arrived at the Kurwai Palace at about 1 a.m. Sawar Ali Khan had already retired to bed. When Abida Sultan entered the bedroom

"There I saw a reclining figure, curled under a quilt who then sat up, bolt upright 'What are you doing here at this hour?' he said, alarmed. 'I have come alone to inform you, once and for all, that I will never part my son. I would rather die. I am giving you a very sporting chance to kill me and say that I was responsible for it. 'I replied, my heart pounding. Taking out my revolver, I threw it in Dadabhai's lap and said, 'The weapon is my mine and loaded - use it and shoot me or else I will shoot you. 'Dadabhai visibly squirmed: 'But I am his father. I have a right to my son', he stated. The reply sent my heart pounding and we then had a physical confrontation in which he came off second best, eventually hiding under his quilt and holding his pillows to protect himself. He began pleading 'Go, please, go from here. I am not making any more claims on my son - just leave me and go away'."

Some seventy years down the line more and more Muslim women in Bhopal are taking the initiative to end marriages, contrary to the general impression that they are at the receiving end in most divorce cases. As per a report of the 285 divorce cases last year, 200 had women opting for khula (where the wife takes the lead in annulling the marriage), statistics at the city Qazi’s office, which maintains marriage records under the Shariat, showed. The approval of the office is mandatory for executing divorces. The Qazis, community leaders, women activists and psychologists have argued that such a ‘progressive’ trend did not augur well for society. According to them 'Divorce is a necessary evil, more evil than necessary' and, therefore, needs to be discouraged rather than encouraged. The reasons attributed vary from the new trend to changing social mores and the Nawabi era in Bhopal during which women ruled for more than 120 years, and even to soap operas on television.
Slate has published two excerpts from Tim Harford's new book, The Logic of Life, which is premised on the notion that if we want to understand our world - or how to change it - we must first understand the rational choices that shape it. In the piece titled "Divorce Is Good for Women", Harford observes not about Bhopal but the world:

"the divorce revolution was driven by a more fundamental economic force: the breakdown of the traditional division of labor identified by Adam Smith. At the beginning of the 20th century, housework took many hours, and only the poorest and most desperate married women had jobs. As the decades rolled past, technological change made housework less time-consuming. It became easy—and quite common—for older women to enter the workforce after their children were grown and housework was easily manageable.
About women getting more career options in the booming economy of India
"Did women really need career options before they could get divorced? In all but the most desperately unhappy marriages, they did. Contrary to the popular bar-room grumbles of divorced men, alimony alone doesn't take women very far financially. Fewer than half of single divorced mothers get any child support at all, and for those who do, child support is just a few thousand dollars a year, typically about one-fifth of the mother's total income. If a woman, especially a mother, was determined to get a divorce, she almost always needed to find a job. More and more women realized that they had the ability to do exactly that.
That started a second reinforcing loop—some people regard it as a vicious circle. Because divorce was conceivable, women preserved career options. But because women had career options, divorce became conceivable. It became less and less likely that a woman would become trapped in a miserable marriage out of pure economic necessity.
The serious entry of married women into the workforce has meant that they spend a little less time baking cookies, and perhaps also that their husbands spend a little more time with the children. It has empowered them to leave marriages that are not working, making them happier and safer from abuse. It has truly been a revolution, and the price of that revolution is more divorce and less marriage. That price is very real—but it is almost certainly a price worth paying."

Many historians have pondered about the four generations of women rulers (Qudsia, Sikander, Shahjehan, Sultan Jahan) of Bhopal, wondering what has happened to the traditional males? To answer the more basic question of this traditional division of labor between women and men, Tim Harford says:

"Elizabeth is a more productive worker than James but also a more effective parent. James is a bad worker but a worse dad, and so Elizabeth takes the rational decision to stay home baking cookies and looking after the kids, while James tries to scrape together a living as a real estate agent. The logic of comparative advantage highlighted something that most men—except economists—have found it hard to get their heads around: there is no reason to believe that men were breadwinners because they were any good at it. They might simply have been breadwinners because getting them to help around the house would have been even worse."

The Bhopal male rulers proved to be bad workers, bad parents and worse rulers. The takeover of women rulers was only the most logical thing to do.

Bhopal Airport and Indore Airport

As India increases her economic growth the population is taking to the air in travel and more and more are flying. Commercial Aviation traffic has increased ten fold in the last few years. India will need to set up the latest in air traffic control to handle the crowded skies. Additionally India’s private aircraft markets are increasing too along with a brand new general aviation manufacturing sector. India is the second most vibrant aviation market after China. The reason is the strong growth anticipated in the domestic Indian traffic, which they estimate to be 12.7 per cent per annum by 2014. The main drivers of traffic growth are economic upswing, concentration of population, wealth and industries leading to higher propensity to travel and increasing liberalization. And add to this there are penetrations of low-cost carriers which are offering exceptionally low airfare that can be compared with railway AC fares. India is the only country where the number of air travelers a year equals the number of rail passengers in a day. The potential is huge. So low-cost carries are not ready to waste their time and are very much into business. Many of India’s smaller airports are dirt strips and needs to be upgraded. There are 100 civil airports in India and twelve are international airports. Meanwhile India’s airline passenger traffic is expected to exceed 50 million in less than five years and that is at the current growth rates. One industry insider stated in a major Indian newspaper; ''We won't be able to handle all passenger traffic in coming years as is being envisaged now.” One consulting firm determined that it would take over 20 billion in capital investment to bring the airports into normal safety compliance of other countries in the next decade, some think much more as things progress.
Two bigger cities of the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh are Indore and Bhopal, the distance between the two is 186 kms. Both the cities are vying with each other to attract the available financial resources to expand their basic airport structures. There are flights which are operating from Mumbai and Delhi to Indore, which then proceed to Bhopal. On many occasions the flights are terminated at Indore due to lack of Bhopal passengers and the Bhopal passengers are provided with taxies from Indore airport to Bhopal, much to the chagrin of Bhopalis. The political hotheads are even heard considering reversing the flight landing sequence (from Mumbai-Indore-Bhopal to Mumbai-Bhopal-Indore)to avoid this humiliation of Bhopalis. The Bhopal airport  has a runway of 6500 feet which will be upgraded to 9000 feet. Known as the Raja Bhoj Airport, the Bhopal airport has one terminal building, three Airlines, eight flights and parking space for five aircrafts (being upgraded). On the other hand the Indore Airport, known as Devi Ahilyabai Airport , is an international airport with a runway of 7500 feet which is being upgraded to 9500 feet within one year. The Indore airport has one terminal building; another terminal building is being constructed. There are five airlines, sixteen regular flights, air cargo and parking space for five aircrafts. Flights for gulf countries are being started in June 2008. All this for two cities 186 kms apart, while the biggest airport out there measures 780 km². If only somebody had planned a big International airport somewhere in between the two cities and connected it to Bhopal and Indore with sixteen lane expressways and/or metro rails. The project would have given a boost to the logistics hub project of Madhya Pradesh. coming to think of it, how will the local politicians ask for votes if the airport goes away from Bhopal and Indore, and the farmers of the town in between loose their land? Nobody risks a Nandigram and no point in indulging in wishful thinking.
Would you like to listen to Lata Mangeshkar from Indore sing beautifully for Madan Mohan "Khud Dil Se Dil Ki Baat Kahi, Aur Ro Liye" in the film Aadalat?


blogathonindia, blogathonindia1

Happy New Year 2008

Ticking away the moments that make up a dull day
You fritter and waste the hours in an off hand way
Kicking around on a piece of ground in your home town
Waiting for someone or something to show you the way
Tired of lying in the sunshine staying home to watch the rain
You are young and life is long and there is time to kill today
And then one day you find ten years have got behind you
No one told you when to run, you missed the starting gun

And you run and you run to catch up with the sun, but its sinking
And racing around to come up behind you again
The sun is the same in the relative way, but youre older
Shorter of breath and one day closer to death

Every year is getting shorter, never seem to find the time
Plans that either come to naught or half a page of scribbled lines
Hanging on in quiet desperation is the english way
The time is gone, the song is over, thought Id something more to say

Home, home again
I like to be here when I can
And when I come home cold and tired
Its good to warm my bones beside the fire
Far away across the field
The tolling of the iron bell
Calls the faithful to their knees
To hear the softly spoken magic spells.

- Time. Pink Floyd

Uma Bharati - Alice In Wonderland

  On the eve of the prolific victory of Narendra Modi in Gujrat elections, it is tempting for the Bhopali to wonder what happened to the widely popular firebrand BJP leader from Madhya Pradesh. There is no denying that the leadership question in the BJP from among the second-generation leaders has been settled with the verdict. Modi is the first one who has emerged from the second row to a place in the front row, and it is only a matter of time that he may occupy the corner seat representing the supreme leader. Uma Bharti, the only other mass leader among the second-generation, has been left far behind. By her flip-flops in Gujarat, she has damaged her position considerably.
For a quick background check, Uma Bharati was born at Dunda village in Tikamgarh district on May 3, 1959, Bharti started giving religious discourses at the age of five, having attained mastery over the teachings of the Gita and the Ramayana. With six siblings, the prodigal daughter of a peasant family belonging to the backward Lodh community, she was raised under the care of the late Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia of Gwalior. Bharti traveled across the country and to 75 countries across the world to 'broaden her horizon' from the age of 16. Uma has told people close to her that she has two identities. One belongs to a Sadhu who saved her life (and died the very same day) when she was three. He is the Sanyasi within her, who made her give religious discourses. Having decided early not to marry and remain wedded to Hindutva. She also became closely associated with RSS, VHP and other saffron organizations. Bharti first contested Lok Sabha elections from Khajuraho at the age of 25, but lost in the post-Indira Gandhi assassination sympathy wave in 1984. She soon became one of the beacon lights of the Ram Janambhoomi movement and in 1988 was made Vice-President of the Madhya Pradesh unit of BJP. Riding the Ram wave, she won the Lok Sabha election from Khajuraho in 1989. She went on to retain the seat four times consecutively in 1991, 1996 and 1998. She contested and won from Bhopal in 1999. An accused in the Babri demolition case along, with BJP president L K Advani and senior leader Murli Manohar Joshi, she had reportedly egged Kar Sewaks on December 6, 1992 saying, 'ek dhakka aur do, Babri Masjid tod do' (give ano ther push and demolish Babri mosque). However, she denies this. 
Appointed President of BJP youth wing, Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha, she came to be associated with then party ideologue K N Govindacharya. When the National Democratic Alliance came to power, she was made Minister of State for Human Resource Development under Murli Manohar Joshi. When brought back to the Vajpayee ministry, she subsequently handled the portfolios of tourism, youth affairs and sports and coal and mines. Recognizing her oratorical and organizational skills, BJP had projected her as its chief ministerial candidate in Madhya Pradesh Assembly elections in 2003. Leading the party to a thumping victory, Bharti, who was elected to the Assembly from Bara Malehra, became the state's first woman chief minister and the first from the Bundelkhand region.
However, within a few months of her becoming the chief minister, the power brokers of the state started feeling the heat. It has been always a cozy relationship between the ruling and opposition parties of Madhya Pradesh assembly. The latter had always come to the aid of the chief minister in times of crisis. In return, the opposition leaders enjoyed powers far beyond those of the cabinet ministers. Vikram Verma, now a Rajya Sabha member and vice-president of the BJP, was the Leader of the Opposition during Digvijay Singh's first term. Not even once did he raise an issue, inside the Assembly or outside, which could discomfit the Chief Minister. Present PCC chief Subhash Yadav was one of the ministers constantly nagging Digvijay Singh. One day in the Assembly, Verma demanded Yadav's resignation or his dismissal from the cabinet in view of the Lokayukta finding that he (Yadav) had made illegal appointments in the Apex Bank (Yadav was chairman of the Apex Bank also). There was quite a ruckus in the Assembly. The Lokayukta had not yet finalised his finding but had written to the Chief Minister, seeking the government' comments. No special intelligence is required to guess where Verma got his ammunition against Yadav. The inevitable outcome was that Yadav surrendered to the Chief Minister. The tradition of "constructive" cooperation between the Chief Minister and the Leader of the Opposition started during Arjun Singh's time in the early eighties. He enjoyed, and still enjoys, almost legendary friendship with veteran BJP leader Sunderlal Patwa who was the Leader of the Opposition during Arjun Singh's term. Arjun Singh had, among other things, turned a blind eye to the activities of Mohammad Shafi, a notorious narcotics smuggler from Mandsaur and a close friend of Patwa. (Shafi was last heard to be in a Tamil Nadu jail a few years ago). When Patwa became the Chief Minister in 1990, Shyama Charan Shukla was the Leader of the Opposition, but the Congress MLAs were mostly from the Arjun Singh camp. So, Patwa had smooth sailing till his government was dismissed after the Babri Masjid demolition. Contrary to this long tradition, Uma Bharati, who was the chief minister for nine months, did not appear to be inclined to seek friendship with the Congress. She had rather struck a terror in the hearts of the Congress leaders. As if with a vengeance, she had started taking on the senior bureaucrats who had played Digvijay Singh's game. She had directed her full attention to the cooperative sector, stinking with corruption, which had been controlled by Congress leaders for ages and had been a major source of funds for them. Her Minister of Cooperatives Gopal Bhargava had the brief to expedite investigations and prosecute the culprits. An important Congress leader, a protégé of Arjun Singh, was on the verge of being sent to jail when the pressure was brought on Bhargava through predictable channels to go slow in the matter but he, with the support of Uma Bharati, resisted. The things eased with Uma Bharati's exit. Babulal Gaur, who succeeded her, was only too happy to oblige the Congress leaders. So he took away the cooperative portfolio from Bhargava and gave it to Himmat Kothari, a Patwa man. Digvijay Singh had an equally cosy relationship with Babulal Gaur who had become the Leader of the Opposition during Singh's second term.Gaur, in fact, had an excellent relationship with most of the Congress leaders including Arjun Singh and Kamal Nath. When he became the Chief Minister after Uma Bharati's resignation in the wake of the Hubli court case, Gaur was so frequently hobnobbing with the Congress leaders that his own party men dubbed him as the Congress chief minister of the BJP government.
Uma Bharati resigned as the CM in August 2004, on the issue of the right to hoist the National Flag, when a decade old case against her was resurrected. The party was relieved that Chief Minister N Dharam Singh gave it a convenient excuse to ease Bharti out of Bhopal. Party bigwigs were none too happy with Bharti's style of functioning, her extraconstitutional aides who claimed to act on her behalf, and her whimsical ways. Senior ministers and BJP leaders in Madhya Pradesh were biding their time waiting for an appropriate occasion. The non-bailable warrant issued by a Hubli court came as a godsend. As for Bharti, being a free-spirited sanyasin, the nitty-gritty of running the administration of an economically backward state was annoying for someone who likes to keep her politics simple. So when the ruling United Progressive Alliance stalled Parliament seeking her removal after a non-bailable warrant was issued against her in connection with a 14-year-old case, involving her hoisting the national flag on Independence Day at the disputed Idgah maidan in Hubli, she took the wind out of its sails by promptly tendering her resignation. Now basking in the glory of being a martyr defending the national flag, she does not appear to have noticed that the BJP leadership was only looking for an appropriate occasion to remove her. Uma Bharti wondered if she was wrong in resigning as chief minister to appear in a Hubli court. A sulking Uma, in November 2004, was suspended from the Bharatiya Janata Party "till further action" and served a show-cause notice asking why she should not be expelled following her outburst against Mr Lal Krishna Advani, in full glare of Television cameras. However, due to RSS pressure, her suspension was revoked and in May 2005, she was appointed as a member of the party's national executive. Later in the year, she was expelled from the BJP when she revolted against the appointment of Mr Shivraj Singh Chauhan as the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh. Post expulsion, she undertook a Herculean 'padyatra' from Bhopal to Ayodhya and called it the Ram Roti Yatra (spiritual journey for Rama and bread). With her youthful, smiling face and the garb of a sanyasin, she drew large crowds, particularly of the youth and women, as she traversed through the interior of Madhya Pradesh on her Bhopal to Ayodhya Ram-Roti yatra. They came to have her darshan and touch her feet rather than hear her harangues against the BJP leaders for denying her the Chief Minister's post, which she considered as her right. She did not spare even Atal Behari Vajpayee and Lal Krishna Advani. The media followed her for several days, keeping her constantly in focus. While making angry outbursts against the BJP leaders, she continued to nurse the hope that they would call her back. Accordingly, she continued to extend deadlines for a reply from the BJP leadership. It did not come. Soon the crowds started thinning out and the media also gave her up. Of the 100 and odd BJP MLAs, who she had always claimed were with her, only five had followed her. Then came another disaster. Her candidates lost in all the by-elections held in Madhya Pradesh. More disgraceful was the defeat of her candidate in Bada-Malehra which is her own constituency. 
Then on, the downward spiral of her career remains unabated. She has lost almost all by-elections her Bharatiya Janashakti Party (BJS) has contested. Most of the people who joined her party have left for BJP, including Madanlal Khurana. She has withdrawn her candidates from UP assembly elections, following a directive from RSS. She tried to do the same for Gujrat elections, where she was serving as the focal point of rebel activities of BJP. The thumping win of BJP in Gujarat has dashed Uma Bharati's last hope of getting back into the mainstream politics. Her position has become untenable even in her own Bharatiya Jana Shakti (BJS) owing to her constant flip-flop. Knowing fully well the BJP's high stakes in the Gujarat Assembly elections, Uma Bharati first announced her determination to defeat the BJP there. She changed her tack following an "advice" from her spiritual guru Visveshtiratha Swami of Pejavaradhokshaja Mutt to work for consolidation of the Hindutva forces and declared that the BJP everywhere was devoid of principles except in Gujarat and Chief Minister Narendra Modi was her elder brother. The urgency with which she had responded to the guru's appeal for unity was not there in the response of the BJP leaders. In an apparent bid to make herself acceptable to the BJP, she appealed to her party candidates to withdraw from the contest but was shouted down by them.
There are considerable similarities between the two mass based second generation leaders of BJP, although one failed miserably and one suceeded spectacularly. Narendra Modi and Uma Bharati both are very good orators, and largely have a mass base among the local populace. Both are considerd personally incorruptible. However, Narenrdra Modi has be en very vigilant to be seen as incorruptible relating to his day to day activity, while Uma Bharatis brother Swami Lodhi was seen in the power lanes when she was Chief Minister. While Modi has cultivated his strengths acidulously by nurturing his constituency, vote bank and his state, knowing that he requires a solid base to jump into bigger arena, Uma Bharati had taken her mass base for granted and has been left in a nowhere zone. Modi has been able to put in place the power brokers seeking to protect their domain, the temperamental Uma miserably failed. It was easy to provoke Sanyasin Uma Bharati, not a typical politician of India, always touchy about mother India and Hindutva. The last has however not been heard yet.

Nawab Hamidullah Khan (II) - End Of Bhopal State

(Continued from here)

Meanwhile, the independence movement was reaching it's peak. At Bhopal, State People’s Conference came into being in 1938. Khan Shakir Ali Khan was its founder-president and Charubhuj Maviya its secretary. Certain anti-British posters were published by Praja Mandal urging the Nawab of Bhopal to join the “Quit India” movement, resulting in the arrest of Shakir Ali Khan, Govind Prasad, Brindavan and others. In 1944, Nawab Hamidullah Khan was elected for a three-year term as Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes for the second time, having been elected Chancellor between 1932-35, In the beginning, the princes seemed to favor the idea of a union or confederation of all princely states to be called Rajasthan. An overwhelming majority of the princes were Hindu, who were eventually convinced that their Muslim chancellor was selling them out to Pakistan. With support from Mountbatten, the new viceroy, Rajasthan was scuttled before it was floated while His Highness the Nawab of Bhopal threatened to resign! From the period of 1935 till 1937, Hamidullah Khan was the president of Board For Control Of Cricket In India (BCCI). By the year 1947, Jinnah had announced his retirement from politics (June 1947), after making Pakistan a reality for the Indian Muslim League. Nawab Hamidullah Khan was the Muslim League's favored candidate as the premier of Pakistan. Meanwhile Hamidullah Khan was under heavy pressure from the Indian government to sign an accession agreement.

The reason for Bhopal being allowed to delay signing an accession agreement were, first, that as Chancellor of the Chamber of Princess, Nawab Hamidullah had assumed a high profile standing on the internal political scene in India. Hamidullah Khan was a close friend of both Mohammad Ali Jinnah as well as Jawaharlal Nehru. Hamidullah Khan, feeling cornered in India and looking forward to a bright future in Pakistan, planned to abdicate in favor of Abida Sultan, the heir apparent and leave for Karachi. He was prevented from doing so by the family dispute that he could not resolve, although he tried his best. Jinnah was eventually forced to come back from his retirement when Nawab of Bhopal was unavailable and fear was that Mountbatten would push his own governor generalship. The desparation of Nawab Hamidullah in these last days is apparent in the following passage from Abida Sultan's autobiography "Memoirs of a rebel princess"

On 13th August 1947, I was summoned to HH (His Highness)'s farmhouse at Nichey-Ka-Bagh where he exercised. On being ushered to his room, I found him sitting alone, sweating heavily. He then pulled out his revolver and pointing it straight at me, ordered me sit down. 'I am leaving soon for Pakistan', he said, 'I want you to take over the affairs of the State. I shall probably be appointed Governor General. Jinnah has asked me to come over. But I want you to ensure that I receive five lakhs a year from the State. Do you accept?' 'Why don't you pull the trigger,' I replied, "I am unarmed. As for the State, it is for you to decide what you want to do with it. I shall not be a party to its merger in the Indian Union and for people to say that a woman could not prevent the handover of a state that our forbears had own through blood and sacrifice'.

It was only in 1948, under leadership Dr Shakar Dayal Sharma (later President of India) a strong agitation, unprecedented in the history of Bhopal, for the merger of the state with India commenced which continued till the state was taken over by the Government of India. In March 1949, V. P. Menon arrived in Bhopal to finalize the merger agreement. It was evident that the Congress party, forever suspicious of Hamidullah Khan’s links with Mr. Jinnah and his earlier attempt to form a third block of princely states, was repaying him by insisting that, even as a distinguished political figure, he had no role to play in Bhopal or on the political scene of Central India. According to the merger agreement, Hamidullah Khan was to receive a privy purse of Rs. Eleven (11) Lakhs annually. The die was cast; the princely state of Bhopal was banished forever to the annals of history. Bhopal was merged to the Madhya Bharat state of India on 30th April 1949.

Photograph: The Nawab of Bhopal coming to meet Mr. V. P. Menon on merger of Bhopal with India (Courtesy: RajBhavan, M.P.)

Nawab Hamidullah Khan, Bhopal (I)

After abdication of Sultan Jahan, Hamidullah Khan became the ruler, a perceptible change was apparent in Bhopal. Sultan Jahan remained the revered head of the family and a 'mother' figure for the people of Bhopal, often referred to as "Sarkar Amma". The centre of power had moved to her son who introduced his own brand of governance and lifestyle. He appointed a cabinet of distinguished Indian personalities, drawn from   outside of Bhopal and comprising mainly associates from his Aligarh period. From the Punjab came Sir Liaquat Hayat, Justice Salamuddin (member cricket team of India which played its first ever representative match against England in 1911), Col Mumtaz, Col. Habib and Ustad Wazir. From Bengal arrived the financial wizard Khundkar Fuzle Haider. From UP Sir Ross Masood, Sohaib Qureshi and Ali Haider Abbassi. Allama Iqbal and Abdur Rehman Siddiqui were also frequent visitors in an advisory capacity.  A number of eminent English men, like Freddy Young IG Police, the famous detective abd General Toogod were employed by Hamiduulah Khan. These appointments were not popular with Bhopalis who saw outsiders gain influence with young ruler to be the detriment of their own prestige and influence.

There was also a change in style. Gone was the austerity of Sultan Jahan and the earlier Begums. Instead Bhopal became a centre of sport, notably polo and shikar. Hockey flourished under erstwhile Obeidullah Khan's family. Hamidullah ordered a fleet of eighteen Nash vehicles, all specially fitted out for shikar as well as Rolls Royce and Bentleys. He also enjoyed the company of a circle of women friends who would join him at Chicklode or at shikar parties. In January 1947, Hamidullah contracted a clandestine nikah with Aftab Jahan, one from this circle of women. Aftab Jahan was a school freind of Abida Sultan, the eldest daughter of Hamidullah Khan and the heir apparent of Bhopal throne recognised by the British. By May 1947 the marriage was publicly announced and the new Begum started insisting on her rights and protocols. This led to unfloding of ugly confrontations between Nawab Hamidullah and his first wife. Hamidullah and his second wife Aftab Jahan started confronting the first wife Shahbzadi Maimoona Sultan and her three daughters Abida sultan (married and separated from Nawab Sarwar Ali Khan of Kurwai, had a son, Shahryar Mohammad Khan, 14 years old by that time),  Sajida Sultan (married to the famous cricketer Iftikar Ali Khan of Pataudi) and Rabia sultan (married to Agha Nadir Mirza after a brief marriage to Rasheed-uz-zafar Khan). In many ways, a repetition of Shahjehan Begum's long stand-off with Sultan Jahan was unfolding again at Bhopal

Continued...